{"id":116,"date":"2015-07-14T14:36:21","date_gmt":"2015-07-14T14:36:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/WP\/?page_id=116"},"modified":"2023-09-12T09:48:37","modified_gmt":"2023-09-12T13:48:37","slug":"basics-of-employment-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/zh\/basics-of-employment-law\/","title":{"rendered":"\u52b3\u5de5\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u96c7\u4f63\u7531\u81ea\u7531\u96c7\u4f63\u539f\u5219\u6240\u652f\u914d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u5173\u5408\u540c\u6761\u6587\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u548c\u96c7\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\u89e3\u9664\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u514d\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u540e\u6765\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u548c\u5dde\u6cd5\u4ee5\u8fdd\u53cd\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u4e3a\u7531\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u96c7\u4e3b\u968f\u610f\u89e3\u96c7\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u96c7\u4f63\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u9010\u6b65\u88ab\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5916\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a\u5408\u540c\/\u7981\u6b62\u4f8b\u5916(contract\/estoppels exception)\uff0c\u201c\u6ee5\u7528\u201d\u89e3\u96c7\u4f8b\u5916(\u201cabusive\u201d discharge exception)\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u4f8b\u5916(public policy exception)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5408\u540c\/\u7981\u6b62\u4f8b\u5916<\/strong><br \/>\n\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u7531\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5408\u540c\u6761\u6b3e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u81ea\u7531\u96c7\u4f63\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5cdisclaimer\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u58f0\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u52b3\u5de5\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u6216\u8005\u52b3\u5de5\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u96c7\u5458\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u4f9d\u9760\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201c\u6ee5\u7528\u201d\u89e3\u96c7\u4f8b\u5916<\/strong><br \/>\n\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f96\u533a\u6cd5\u9662\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8bda\u610f\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u96c7\u4f63\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u4f8b\u5916\u4e3a\u540d\u4e49\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u4f8b\u5916<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u89e3\u96c7\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u96c7\u4e3b\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u89e3\u96c7\u5458\u5de5\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6c47\u62a5\u8650\u5f85\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5acc\u7591<\/li>\n<li>\u6c47\u62a5\u4fdd\u9669\u6b3a\u8bc8<\/li>\n<li>\u6c47\u62a5\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6267\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u5b98\u5458\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u91cc\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4<\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li>\u63d0\u4f9b\u771f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8bcd<\/li>\n<li>\u6c47\u62a5\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u5a01\u80c1<\/li>\n<li>\u6c47\u62a5\u4e0a\u53f8\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9152\u540e\u9a7e\u8f66<\/li>\n<li>\u54a8\u8be2\u5f8b\u5e08\/\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5de5\u4f5c\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>\u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u57fa\u672c\u8bc9\u8bbc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u548c\u5dde\u6cd5\u7981\u6b62\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1b\u5b83\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u96c7\u4e3b\u6839\u636e\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u80a4\u8272\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u6216\u8005\u56fd\u7c4d\u6765\u96c7\u4f63\/\u62d2\u7edd\u96c7\u4f63\/\u89e3\u96c7\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6000\u5b55\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u804c\u8d23\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u90fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u96c7\u4e3b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u96c7\u4f63\u6216\u8005\u89e3\u96c7\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5305\u62ec<\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li>\u5e73\u7b49\u85aa\u916c\u6cd5\u6848<\/li>\n<li>42 U.S.C. \u00a71981<\/li>\n<li>\u52b3\u5de5\u5e74\u9f84\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u6848<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5404\u5dde\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7981\u6b62\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u80a4\u8272\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u56fd\u7c4d\uff0c\u6b8b\u75be\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8840\u7edf\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8981\u5bbd\u5e7f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u4e5f\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(Equal Employment Opportunity Commission-EEOC)\uff0c\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6267\u6cd5\u3002\u5404\u5dde\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6267\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5728\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\uff0c\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u6c11\u6743\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(Ohio Civil Right Commission-OCRC)\u8d1f\u8d23\u6267\u884c\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u5173\u4e8e\u7981\u6b62\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f4f\u623f\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u4fe1\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u5dde\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(EEOC)\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\/\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u6c11\u6743\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(EEOC\/OCRC)\u6765\u8c03\u67e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u505a\u51fa\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u4e8e\u88ab\u6b67\u89c6\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u635f\u5931\u3002\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u8981\u6c42\u6307\u63a7\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6b67\u89c6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u7684180\u5929\u5185\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(EEOC)\u3002\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u671f\u9650\u5ef6\u957f\u5230\u4e86300\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\/\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u6c11\u6743\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(EEOC\/OCRC)\u63a7\u8bc9\u624b\u7eed<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u8c01\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u6307\u63a7\uff1f<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u53ea\u8981\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u7531\u4e8e\u6b67\u89c6\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4ea4\u6307\u63a7\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\/\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u6c11\u6743\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(EEOC\/OCRC)\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u6307\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6307\u63a7\u8bc1\u8bcd\u4e66<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u6307\u63a7\u8bc1\u8bcd\u4e66\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e66\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u63d0\u51fa\u6307\u63a7\u4e00\u65b9\u5ba3\u8a93\u5e76\u7b7e\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8c03\u89e3<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u6307\u63a7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u89e3\u3002\u8c03\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6307\u63a7\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u89e3\u5458\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u6765\u5f97\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u8c03\u89e3\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6682\u7f13\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u63a7\u4ee5\u53ca\u7701\u94b1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8c03\u67e5<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8c03\u67e5\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8c03\u67e5\u5458\u4f1a\u88ab\u6307\u6d3e\u5230\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6765\u5e76\u5bf9\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7acb\u573a\u9648\u8ff0<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u96c7\u4e3b\u901a\u5e38\u572814\u5929\u5185\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7acb\u573a\u9648\u8ff0\u201d\u6765\u56de\u5e94\u6307\u63a7\u5e76\u8bb2\u8ff0\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u8bba<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u5728\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u6c11\u6743\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(OCRC)\u8c03\u67e5\u5458\u4f1a\u5411\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec<\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li>\u548c\u89e3<\/li>\n<li>\u6307\u63a7\u4e00\u65b9\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c<\/li>\n<li>\u6536\u56de\u6307\u63a7<\/li>\n<li>\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n<li>\u6709\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u4f5c\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u6c11\u6743\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(OCRC)\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(EEOC)\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6743\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u6c11\u6743\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(OCRC)\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6307\u63a7\u65b9\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u6743\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\u848b\u9038\u857e\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u52b3\u5de5\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u9700\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8bf7<a href=\"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/zh\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_self\">\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec<\/a>\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Employment in the U.S. has been historically governed by the doctrine of at-will employment.\u00a0 This doctrine stands for the presumption that, in the absence of a contractual provision, employers and employees can terminate their relationship without legal liability at any time and for any reason.\u00a0 However, over time, federal and state laws have restricted employers\u2019 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