{"id":168,"date":"2015-07-14T21:20:32","date_gmt":"2015-07-14T21:20:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/WP\/?page_id=168"},"modified":"2023-09-12T12:48:19","modified_gmt":"2023-09-12T16:48:19","slug":"environmental-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/zh\/environmental-law\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e0e\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u6709\u5173\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7efc\u5408\u73af\u5883\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8865\u507f\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u6cd5\uff08Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation & Liability Act \u2014 CERCLA\uff09\u662f\u4e0e\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u73af\u5883\u6cd5\u3002CERCLA\u57281980\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u505a\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d23\u4efb\u514d\u9664\u548c\u5e03\u6717\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u6cd5\u6848\uff08Brownsfields Revitalization Act\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u5904\u7406\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

CERCLA\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73af\u5883\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0cCERCLA\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u987e\u6027\u7684\u8865\u6551\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u6839\u636eCERCLA\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u90e8\uff08EPA\uff09\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u6c61\u67d3\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u67e5\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u884c\u6e05\u7406\u6c61\u67d3\u5730\u70b9\u7136\u540e\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff08PRP\uff09\u5bfb\u6c42\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u00a0<\/span>potentially responsible parties<\/em>(PRP),<\/li>\n
  2. \u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u4fc3\u4f7fPRP\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u6216\u8005\u6e05\u7406\uff0c<\/li>\n
  3. \u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2aPRP\u53d1\u51fa\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c<\/li>\n
  4. \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6216\u8005\u6240\u6709\u7684PRP\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224\u6765\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u610f\u91c7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u63d0\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2aCERCLA\u8bc9\u8bbc\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u91ca\u653e\u6216\u8005\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u91ca\u653e<\/li>\n
    2. \u5371\u9669\u7269\u8d28<\/li>\n
    3. \u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u5efa\u7b51\u6216\u5382\u5740<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u201c\u5371\u9669\u7269\u8d28\u201d\u3002CERCLA\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8EPA\u6307\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5371\u9669\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e3a\u201c\u5371\u9669\u7269\u8d28\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u8c01\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff1f<\/strong>?<\/h3>\n

      CERCLA \u00a7107(a) \u8ba4\u5b9a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u7c7b\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4f4d\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u76ee\u524d\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u8fd0\u8425\u8005\uff0c<\/li>\n
      2. \u5728\u6269\u6563\u5371\u9669\u7269\u8d28\u65f6\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6216\u8fd0\u8425\u8005\uff0c<\/li>\n
      3. \u4efb\u4f55\u5b89\u6392\u4e22\u5f03\u5371\u9669\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4eba<\/li>\n
      4. \u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e22\u5f03\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u8005<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCERCLA\u4e0d\u4ec5\u89c4\u5b9a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8c01\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e22\u5f03\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u90fd\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aCERCLA\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u683c\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\uff08strict liability\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u68c0\u67e5\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u9664\u4e86\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\u5916\uff0cCERCLA\u4e5f\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e22\u5f03\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u8d28\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8fd0\u8425\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u8425\u8005\u663e\u7136\u662f\u79df\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u6839\u636eCERCLA\uff0c\u8d37\u65b9\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bae\u4f1a\u57281996\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u8d44\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u8d37\u65b9\u8d23\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u6b3e\u4fdd\u9669\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u6848 \uff08Asset Conservation, Lender Liability, and Deposit Insurance Protection Act\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4f7f\u5f97\u8d37\u65b9\u4e0d\u8d1fCERCLA\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4e0d\u4ec5CERCLA\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u8d54\u507f\u548c\u6709\u8ffd\u6eaf\u529b\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff08strict and retroactive liability\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u5404\u81ea\u548c\u8fde\u5e26\u7684\uff08joint and several\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6cd5\u9662\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u4e2d\u90fd\u65bd\u52a0\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

        CERCLA\u5141\u8bb8\u4e09\u79cd\u6709\u9650\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8fa9\u62a4\uff08third-party defense\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u7f6a\u623f\u4e1c\u8fa9\u62a4\uff08innocent landowner defense\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u7279\u4f8b\uff08prospective purchaser exclusion\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8fa9\u62a4\u662f\u6307\u88ab\u544a\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u662f\u9020\u6210\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8be5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u6216\u8005\u4ee3\u7406\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc1\u660ea. \u4ed6\u5c0f\u5fc3\u770b\u62a4 b. \u4ed6\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u6599\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u758f\u5ffd\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u6c61\u67d3\u7531\u6545\u610f\u7834\u574f\u8005\u9020\u6210\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5348\u591c\u503e\u5012\u8005\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u65e0\u7f6a\u623f\u4e1c\u8fa9\u62a4\u662f\u6307\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e4b\u524d\u8ba4\u771f\u68c0\u67e5\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u5730\u4ea7\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6c61\u67d3\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5408\u9002\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5728\u65e0\u7f6a\u623f\u4e1c\u8fa9\u62a4\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u4e70\u623f\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u505a\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u88ab\u544a\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u4ed6\u4e70\u623f\u65f6\u4ee5\u5546\u4e1a\u5730\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\u60ef\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u623f\u5c4b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u8be2\u95ee\u548c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u67e5\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5546\u4e1a\u6216\u8005\u5de5\u4e1a\u5730\u4ea7\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8c03\u67e5\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\uff08phase 1\uff09\u5730\u70b9\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\uff08phase 2\uff09\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u672a\u6765\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u7279\u4f8b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5e03\u6717\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\uff082002\u5e741\u670811\u65e5\uff09\u8d2d\u4e70\u76f8\u5173\u623f\u5c4b\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8bc1\u660e\u5f88\u591a\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5c06\u4e0d\u8d1f\u4efb\u4f55CERCLA\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7136\u800cCERCLA\u4ecd\u7136\u5141\u8bb8EPA\u83b7\u5f97\u5730\u4ea7\u7684\u7559\u7f6e\u6743\uff08lien\uff09\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u6240\u6709\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u6e05\u7406\u800c\u7ed9\u5730\u4ea7\u5e26\u6765\u5347\u503c\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u82b1\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u6295\u8d44\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u9886\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u8fdc\u79bb\u201c\u96f7\u533a\u201d\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6295\u8d44\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u848b\u9038\u857e\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u73af\u5883\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec<\/a>\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        The major environmental law related to real estate business is Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (called CERCLA).\u00a0 CERCLA was passed in 1980, amended later once, and supplemented by other statutes, such as the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownsfields Revitalization Act (Brown-fields Amendments), to deal with environment issues in the real estate context. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-168","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/168","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=168"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/168\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2498,"href":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/168\/revisions\/2498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leijianglaw.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=168"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}