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Business Estate and Trust Real Estate

Investors! Real Estate Succession Made Simple

For many families and investors, real estate is one of their most valuable assets—whether it’s a rental property, commercial building, or a family home held for generations. But what happens to that property after you’re gone, or if you become unable to manage it? That’s where real estate succession planning comes in.

Why You Need a Succession Plan for Your Properties?

Owning real estate without a plan for the future can lead to:

  • Probate delays and unnecessary legal fees
  • Family disputes over ownership or responsibilities
  • Loss of rental income or mismanagement
  • Tax consequences that could have been avoided

Tools to Make It Happen

Depending on your situation, a well-crafted plan may include:

Living Trusts

By titling your real estate in the name of a revocable living trust, you can avoid probate and ensure a seamless transition of ownership. These trusts are flexible and can be amended as your life or goals change.

Irrevocable Trusts

For those looking for asset protection, estate tax planning, or long-term succession control, an irrevocable trust may be the right tool. Once property is placed into an irrevocable trust:

  • It’s generally removed from your taxable estate.
  • It may be shielded from creditors or Medicaid claims (after a 5-year lookback).
  • You can set firm conditions on how and when heirs receive the property.

LLCs or Partnerships

For commercial or multi-unit residential properties, holding real estate in an LLC or family limited partnership allows for structured management and ownership transfer while offering liability protection.

Transfer-on-Death Affidavits (in some states)

A simple way to name a beneficiary for real estate without going through probate, where available.

Buy-Sell Agreements

Essential for properties co-owned with family or business partners, these agreements outline what happens to each party’s interest in the property if they leave or pass away.

Don’t Wait Until It’s Too Late

Succession planning isn’t just for the ultra-wealthy. Even if you own one rental house, making a plan today can prevent serious headaches tomorrow. Work with us—an attorney experienced in real estate and estate planning—to design a plan that meets your specific goals.

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Articles Business

Business Succession Starts with Knowing Your Business Value

If you’re a business owner, you should be able to answer: What is my business worth? Whether you’re planning to retire, transfer ownership to the next generation, or simply want to be ready for opportunities, understanding your company’s value is foundational to smart decision-making.

Why Knowing the Value Matters? It will help you:

  • Plan for ownership transition—whether to family, partners, or outside buyers.
  • Navigate estate planning and tax strategies.
  • Secure appropriate insurance coverage or financing.
  • Benchmark your performance against industry peers.

Value Drivers Go Beyond the Numbers

While financials are central, many qualitative factors influence business value also:

  • Strength of management team
  • Customer diversity and loyalty
  • Operational systems and scalability
  • Market position and competitive edge

These “value drivers” help distinguish your company and make it attractive to successors or investors. Identifying and improving them takes time but is worth huge payoff.

Start Early, Plan Smart and Get Us Involved

Succession planning is not a one-time event—it’s a process. The earlier you begin, the more options you’ll have. Working with us —your attorney and valuation expert — will ensure your plan is legally sound, tax-efficient, and aligned with your personal goals.

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Business Firm News

An International Business Dispute

An international dispute pending in the US District Court Northern District of Ohio, case number 1:20-CV-00601-SO has been settled to the parties’ satisfaction. We represented the plaintiff.

The case started in March 2020 when the plaintiff filed its complaint with the district court. Since then, parties filed pleadings, motions and engaged in discovery. Based on newly obtained information, plaintiff filed its amended complaint which drastically changed the landscape of the case. Soon after, both parties were able to sit down and discuss possible resolutions for the dispute. With the court’s assistance, the parties finally settled all issues between them in December 2021.

The case was litigated during the COVID pandemic. Thus, all hearings were conducted in a virtual setting. Plaintiff received just compensation and was satisfied with the result and our service because we maximized the client’s rights and benefits.

International business litigation has many more challenges than routine domestic civil litigation. It also requires additional skills and abilities. For example, the first step – service of process could be a daunting task. In this case, the defendants tried all means to avoid being served. The service alone took many months. Nonetheless, we were good at it, and in the end, we obtained a good result for the client. If you have an international business dispute, please contact us.

© 2021 Copyright by Lei Jiang LLC. All rights reserved.

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Business Firm News

A Successful Five Million Dollar Merger and Acquisition

A five-million-dollar merger and acquisition was concluded right after the Thanksgiving Holiday. The initial closing was set for November 24, 2021, the day before Thanksgiving. Instead it was closed on November 26, 2021.

In this case, the purchaser was a Nasdaq listed company specializing in international education.  It acquired 70% of the ownership of an Ohio private investment company specializing in higher education. This acquisition was done in two steps. The first was the purchasing of the 70% ownership interest. Then, immediately following the first closing, the company subscribed 900 new shares as part of the deal (subscription closing). Two closings were scheduled back-to-back.

There were some challenging issues of the deal which required special skills. For example, the seller company had several classes of shares and non-diluted shares.  Also, the seller company’s shareholders were non-US persons. Finally, the seller company had de facto subsidiaries, including an international subsidiary. All of these factors increased the deal’s complexity.

We represented the seller company and were working around the clock to meet the deadlines. In the end, both closings were successfully completed. Our client was satisfied with our help. Moreover, the client went the extra mile to acknowledge our work by rating us positively on Google. 

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) require high-level skills that are not easily obtainable. Skills and experience from legal areas such as business transaction, taxation, IP, or even immigration may be called together in this type of work.

We are happy with the positive results and synergies created by this deal. Case after case shows that our commitment to our client’s success is real and never fading. If you have M&A work, please contact us.

© 2021 Copyright by Lei Jiang LLC. All rights reserved.

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Business News

Employment Law Uniformity Act: What Does it Mean for Ohio Businesses?

Ohio Gov. Mike Dewine signed H.B. 352 into law earlier this year, and it went into effect April 15th, 2021. Also known as the Employment Law Uniformity Act, it will enact broad changes to how employment discrimination claims are handled in Ohio. The legislation is meant to improve the business climate in Ohio, as well as draw more investment into the state.

Major Changes

Smaller caseload- One big change that H.B. 352 implements is that plaintiffs with discrimination claims will first go to the Ohio Civil Rights Commission instead of going right to court. This will help lessen the burden the employer usually faces when having to deal with court battles and hearings with the Ohio Civil Rights Commission.

Statute of Limitations amended- Before H.B. 352, an employee had up to six years to pursue a civil claim for discrimination and 180 days to go before the Civil Rights Commission. Now, a two-year statute of limitations applies to all charges filed with the commission and civil lawsuits. The new law tolls the statute of limitations for civil lawsuits until the Civil Rights Commission completes its investigation. This will ease the recordkeeping burdens that businesses often carry and will create more reliable witnesses, as they will have a fresher memory of the event if it only happened within the last couple of years.

Affirmative defense- H.B. 352 codifies the federal Faragher-Ellerth Defense. According to Thomson Reuters Practical Law, this is an affirmative defense employers can use to defend against claims of hostile work environment harassment if: No tangible adverse employment action was taken against the plaintiff, the employer exercised reasonable care to prevent and promptly correct the harassing behavior, and the plaintiff unreasonably failed to take advantage of any preventative or corrective opportunities provided by the employer or to otherwise avoid harm by, for example, not taking advantage of reporting procedures outlined in an anti-harassment policy.

What Does This Mean for Ohio Business Owners?

If you are a business owner, update your human resources department about the new law. If a former employee or current employee accuses you of discrimination, make sure to tell your IT department or employee to retain all communications and emails having to do with the subject of the lawsuit. Furthermore, make sure to hire experienced representation, like Lei Jiang Law Firm, as we are well versed in labor and employment disputes. If you have such an issue, please contact us at (440) 835-2271.

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Business Firm News

A SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF A WAGE CASE

After near a four-year litigation, a wage case in the US District Court Northern District of Ohio was recently settled to our client’s satisfaction. T. Wang v. China Wok, et al. Case number 3:17-cv-00691 was filed on April 3, 2017. Our firm represented Plaintiff Ms. Wang. The original complaint was subsequently amended and supplemented. Additional parties were added as defendants. Ms. Lei Jiang was the lead counsel in this case.

The case was at the final stage – waiting for the trial when it was settled. All discovery was completed, and summary motions were filed and determined by the court. Due to COVID, the trial was delayed. Unexpected delay eventually facilitated the settlement. This proved to be advantageous for all parties involved because there will be no appeals.

Labor and employment disputes are one of our areas. If you have such issues, please contact us.

© 2021 Copyright by Lei Jiang LLC. All rights reserved.

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Business Firm News Uncategorized

2020 Business Valuation – A Recent U.S. Case

The U.S. Department of Labor recently prevailed in a district court of Virginia case involving multiple Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) valuation issues.

The case involved allegations that the selling shareholder, who was also a fiduciary of the employee stock ownership plan, as well as the bank hired to represent the ESOP as an independent fiduciary, breached their fiduciary duties by allowing the plan to overpay for the shareholder’s stock.

The district court issued a lengthy ruling on the case which addressed multiple common valuation practices such as normalization adjustments, discounting, capitalization rates, and proper look-back periods for the purposes of capitalization. For example, the Court found that:

  • The conclusion of value was strikingly close to an initial estimated value that had been floated by ESOP counsel and advisors at the inception of the transaction;
  • The appraisal was performed on a controlling basis even though the seller/owner and his wife were still going to be two of three ESOP co-trustees and occupy two of three company director seats;
  • Almost of all of the appraiser’s assumptions, including his capitalization rate, fluctuated significantly relative to previous appraisals that he had performed on the company and all in a direction towards a conclusion of higher value;
  • The appraiser did not obtain financial projections or prepare his own and get management buy-in and the appraisal utilized only a capitalized cash flow method to the exclusion of a discounted cash flow method(discounted cash flow method); and
  • The ESOP trustee raised many concerns with the draft appraisal but did not follow through and then went ahead and agreed to a purchase price before reviewing the final appraisal.

This case reminds us that (1) much discussions were needed to justify the departure from previous yearly valuations and big rise of stock value, (2) an impartial review of the valuation results might have red flagged the flaws, (3)  the fiduciaries would have been wise to remember that fiduciary duties imposed by ERISA are “the highest known to the law” and any decisions made in fiduciary capacity should have been made with an “eye single to the interests of the participants and beneficiaries.” (4) a genuine negotiation with respect to the purchase price should be conducted.

Lei Jiang Law Firm handles many aspects of business transactions. For questions, please contact us.

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Business Firm News

Civil Litigation – Important Changes to Ohio Rules of Civil Procedures

Recent amendments to the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure will unify the timeline of court proceedings throughout the state.  For example, Ohio now has uniform motion deadlines to streamline processes.  The amendments became effective July 1, 2018 and serve to eliminate confusion regarding deadlines and other requirements.

Here are some of the specifics. For Motions for Summary Judgment, all responses are due 28 days after service of the motion, and replies are due 14 days after service of the response.

For all other motions, responses are due 14 days after service of the motion, and replies are due 7 days after service of the response.

Motions for purposes of trial, such as a motion in limine, must be filed at least twenty-eight days prior to the trial, while motions for purposes of a hearing must be served no later than fourteen days prior to the hearing.  Importantly, Rule 6 allows courts to modify the summary judgment and motion deadlines for good cause.

Discovery rules are also updated due to advancements in technology. Rule 33, 34, and 36 now state that the discovery must serve an electric copy on a shareable medium in an editable format.  These changes should result in a more streamlined and effective system. 

For legal issues, please contact us.

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Business Firm News

Civil Litigation in 2020

The Supreme Court of Ohio issued an order effectuating and expanding upon the emergency legislation Governor DeWine signed into law on March 27, 2020 in response to COVID-19, which tolled statutes of limitations, as well as litigation deadlines and timelines.  The Court’s order reflects the judicial branch’s reciprocation of H.B. 197 legislation and orders that all “time requirements” that are set to expire between March 9, 2020 and July 30, 2020 are tolled.  In effect, the order tolls all litigation deadlines that are due March 9 through July 30.

The order does allow for a court to supersede the tolling provision by issuing an order of its own on or after March 9, 2020.  Some courts, however, seem to be determined to press ahead due to concerns of unmanageable heavy case load down the road. Overall, the progress of civil cases is slowed in light of the pandemic.

Firmwide, we see no decrease of civil cases in 2020.  Five breach of contract cases alone came in before April 2020. Civil litigation is a big part of our practice. Our core substantive practice areas of corporate, business, real estate, international, and intellectual property often involve complex disputes that must be resolved in federal court. As a result, we have developed expertise capable of handling the most significant matters. 

In a civil litigation, we handle matters from pre-complaint investigation, through discovery, summary judgment, trial, and the appeals process. We are experienced yet small enough to ensure that client service remains at the forefront of every engagement. So, if you are burdened by business disputes, let us help you. For legal issues, please contact us.

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Business Firm News

2020 Mergers and Acquisitions

Our firm, Lei Jiang LLC, started 2020 with a good volume of deals and mergers and acquisitions. We continue to handle a variety of deals. In January, we successfully concluded an acquisition of a US college by a Canadian educational group. Then we put several deals together before COVID-19 spread in the US. They included a recycling company’s expansion and acquisition and several restaurant acquisitions. Currently, we are in the midst of a Chinese metal company’s second phase acquisition of a US company.

Even though the COVID-19 pandemic slowed down M&A activity due to uncertainty in valuations and companies focusing on liquidity and cost efficiencies, we expect to see more activities in three categories taking place:

  1. Well-funded strategic buyers using this opportunity to build sizeable positions in targets and /or attempt takeovers of undervalued companies;
  2. Corporates selling or spinning off non-core assets to address liquidity, leverage and valuation issues;
  3. Investors contributing capital in exchange for significant equity stakes in businesses in need of a recapitalization or with liquidity constraints.

If anything can be learned from the 2008-2009 financial crisis, we can expect a renewed use of equity as form of consideration for transactions among corporates. If you have any questions regarding M&A, please contact us. We specialize in international mergers and acquisitions and complex transactions.

For legal issues, please contact us.

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